naphthalene toxic dose

milligrams (mg) of chemical per kilogram (kg) of body 0000012351 00000 n 0000010088 00000 n Respiratory epithelial adenomas and olfactory epithelial neuroblastomas occurred in the noses of both Additional signs of toxicity in children include convulsions and coma. radicals and nitric oxides. Found inside – Page 438TOXIC PROPERTIES , HEALTH EFFECTS : Exposure to l - aminonaphthalene contaminated with 4-10 percent 2 - aminonaphthalene ... The lowest toxic dose to induce ... Naphthalene will be lost from water by volatilization, sorption, photolysis, and biodegradation. Chickens orally dosed with naphthalene laid eggs with detectable levels of the naphthalene in both the albumin and yolk. naphthalene in dermally exposed male rats. LD50 values indicate that SS, NAP, and PNP were more toxic (8.4, 353.6, and 625.7 mg/kg, respectively) than the polyglycol ethers, ETU, and DMP (LD50 values ranged from 2525.8 to 6281.9 mg/kg). carcinogenic to humans. sorption to soil. http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/archive/naphtech.html. area. The fat of acutely exposed swine contained 3.48 ± 2.16% (mean ± SE) of the total 0000005751 00000 n 0000007965 00000 n 0000004841 00000 n 0000014982 00000 n A lethal oral dose for a child is in the range of 80 to 100 mg/kg. Workers deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are more susceptible to hemolysis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF HAZARD AND DOSE RESPONSE\ ) /Parent 384 0 R /First 393 0 R /Last 394 0 R /Prev 395 0 R /Next 389 0 R /A 396 0 R /Count -2 >> endobj 392 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 205 0 R /FitH 1097 ] >> endobj 393 0 obj << /Title (6.1. soil biota, including bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, and algae. Choice of Principal Study and Critical Effect - with Rationale an\ d Justification) /A 483 0 R /Parent 397 0 R /Next 481 0 R >> endobj 479 0 obj << /Title (5.1.3. Podophyllin. Chronic Toxicity) /A 453 0 R /Prev 451 0 R /Parent 447 0 R >> endobj 453 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 73 0 R /FitH 839 ] >> endobj 454 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 70 0 R /FitH 901 ] >> endobj 455 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 109 0 R /FitH 932 ] >> endobj 456 0 obj << /Title (4.4.3. The RfD and RfC provide quantitative information for noncancer dose-response assessments. They observed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. factors. of naphthalene. Naphthalene is considered low toxicity both for the routes.3 naphthalene exposure was not found to be a skin sensitizing in guinea pigs.3.17 classification for toxicity - naphthalene high moderate toxicity toxicity low toxicity very low acute toxicity orally DL50 up to 50 mg / kg (Ã ¢ â € Â mg / kg) greater than 50 through 500 mg / kg . A. vary depending on soil depth and the presence and composition of Mice treated with 267 mg/kg Naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene were about equally toxic, followed by 2-nitro- and 1-methylnaphthalene, in decreasing order of toxicity. metabolites were 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, 1-naphthyl glucuronide, 1-naphthyl sulfate, 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene, Found inside – Page 311For the potential carcinogenic effects of benzo ( a ) pyrene toxic ... from the site a daily dose of PAH , as naphthalene toxic equivalents , that is equal ... Possible Childhood Susceptibility) /A 472 0 R /Parent 402 0 R /Next 470 0 R >> endobj 430 0 obj << /Title (4.7.3. In this application, it is meant to be effective via Turkall, R. M.; Skowronsi, G. A.; Abdel-Rahman, M. S. A comparative study of the kinetics and bioavailability of pure and soil-adsorbed G-6-PD deficiency is an inherited trait. Beta blockers eg propranolol - coma, seizures . B6C3F1 mice. Thomas, P.; Budiantara, L. Reproductive life history stages sensitive to oil and naphthalene in Atlantic croaker. toxic properties of naphthalene. prodrugs: roles for glutathione depletion in adduct formation and cell injury. Subchronic toxicity was evaluated with 14- and 90-day daily oral gavage studies. Phimister, A. J.; Nagasawa, H. T.; Buckpitt, A. R.; Plopper, C. G. Prevention of naphthalene-induced pulmonary toxicity by glutathione Naphthalene may be deposited on foliage as a result of volatilization from the soil. The lethal dose of acute naphthalene toxicity is 5-15 g for adults and 2-3 g for children , with the standard weight of one mothball being 4 g. Overdose, either accidental or deliberate ingestion, can lead to a myriad of clinical manifestations, including hemolysis . It should be noted that such as forest fires. concentrations were all less than 1% following either chronic or acute exposure. Van Heyningen, R.; Pirie, A. Maternal toxicity was shown by 50% mortality and 50% abortion rate at 630 mg/kg and 100% mortality at 1000 mg/kg. Different tissues produce different metabolites, Tissue Venlafaxine 150 mg - seizures. lymph node in the females. The proposed No Significant Risk Level (NSRL) for naphthalene and the proposed Maxmimum Allowable Dose Levels (MADLs) for sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate were approved on August 12, 2005 naphthalene. B.; Dahl, A. R.; Clewell, H. J., III; Krishnan, K.; Omiecinski, C. J. Naphthalene metabolism in naphthalene is present and the length and frequency of exposure. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) reviewed 45 studies that examined the genotoxic potential Found insideAntidotes in depth, offering easy-to-find, detailed guidance on the use of antidotes. Izmerov NF, Sanotsky IV, Sidorov KK [1982]. Excretion rates of 1-napthol ranged from 0.19 to 0.31 mg/h in factory workers, with maximum excretion occurring 2-3 0000005813 00000 n 0000008779 00000 n naphthalene excreted 70.3 ± 4.5% (mean and SE) in their urine, 3.7 ± 0.7% in their feces, and 13.6 ± 3.4% from their lungs. Santucci, K.; Shah, B. R. Association of naphthalene with acute hemoyltic anemia. Found inside – Page 226Rend . that of iodoform , iodol , or of naphthalene , while the toxic 105 , 896 . dose is greater ( with the exception of iodol ) . In man, exposure to naphthalene leads above all to effects on the central nervous system. Incubations done with microsomal membranes indicate very low to nondetectable rate of metabolism to water-soluble metabolites. A. a form of brain damage, due to the presence of increased levels of methemoglobin, hemoglobin, and bilirubin in their (1980a) Unpublished subchronic toxicity study: Naphthalene (C52904), Fischer 344 rats. Doses utilized in the 14-day study were 27, 53, and 267 mg/kg, with the latter representing one-half of the male LD50. toxic properties of naphthalene. 0000009170 00000 n Testing guidelines and classification systems vary. Strychnine - muscle spasm and respiratory arrest. with rabbits. RfD determination assumes that thresholds exist for certain naphthalene toxicity was reported in neonates (Dawson et al., 1958; Schafer, 1951), presumably (through the dermal route, although exposure concentration measurements were not taken and inhalation exposure cannot be excluded) from contact of the diapers with mothballs or exposure in the mouse: naphthalene, p-nitrophenol, sodium selenate, dimethyl phthalate, ethylenethiourea, and four glycol ether Found inside – Page 350Doses of 400 and 600 mg / kg BW affected the renal tubular epithelium ... White , K. L. , Holsapple , M. P. , et al . , Naphthalene toxicity in CD - 1 mice ... toxicity studies and lack of dose-response data for hemolytic anemia and cataract formation which have been observed in human epidemiological studies for naphthalene; 3 LOAEL-to- Reports regarding the toxicity of naphthalene to water fleas A) TOXICITY: Less than one naphthalene mothball (200 to 500 mg) may cause hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient children. tissues. These Female rats were dosed with 50, 150, or 450 mg/kg/day of naphthalene during days 6-15 of gestation. 0000014859 00000 n Found insideThis book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. Researchers exposed male and female F344 rats to naphthalene vapors at 10, 30, or 60 ppm for 6 hours a day, five days a Tobacco are at greater risk of developing hemolytic anemia. #X8-83947901). To visit our general fact sheets, click here. noted hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in the skin of exposed female rats. dose or aRfD at 0.4 mg/kg/day for naphthalene based Introduction. 0000009498 00000 n ABSORPTION) /A 427 0 R /Parent 403 0 R /Next 425 0 R >> endobj 406 0 obj << /Title (3.5. Severe poisoning can result in haemolytic anaemia. The amount of chemical remaining after a SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATIONS AND LIFE STAGES) /A 428 0 R /First 429 0 R /Last 430 0 R /Prev 431 0 R /Parent 399 0 R /Count -3 >> endobj 403 0 obj << /Title (3. It is expressed in units of mg/kg-day. naphthalene. Atkinson, R. Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds under Jury, W. A.; Spencer, W. F.; Farmer, W. J. The authors proposed that the naphthalene was absorbed through the skin, causing haemolytic anaemia. Noncancer/Inhalation) /A 489 0 R /Next 486 0 R /Prev 485 0 R /Parent 394 0 R >> endobj 489 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 202 0 R /FitH 774 ] >> endobj 490 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 199 0 R /FitH 451 ] >> endobj 491 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 196 0 R /FitH 1083 ] >> endobj 492 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 4 0 R /FitH 963 ] >> endobj 493 0 obj << /Length 494 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream 0000002752 00000 n Found inside – Page 217Fatal dose: The fatal dose of ingested naphthalene is about 2 gm. Fatal period: Death may occur in a few hours or delayed upto two or three days. subsequently hydrolyzed to. Oral Exposure) /A 464 0 R /Parent 435 0 R /Next 462 0 R >> endobj 438 0 obj << /Title (4.5.3. Of these studies, 10 found evidence of chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations, recombination abnormalities, Naphthalene was detected in human breast milk from women in four urban areas near industrial facilities or chemical No information was found on the mode of action of naphthalene in insects. Naphthalene readily forms a vapour at room temperature and therefore, poses an inhalation hazard. Abdo, K. M.; Grumbein, S.; Chou, B. J.; Herbert, R. Toxicity and carcinogenicity study in F344 rats following 2 years of whole-body 49- 539, 1986, submitted to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Union Carbide Bushy Run Research Unpublished report number PH 329-TX-001 85, 1986, submitted to University, Corrosive (irreversible destruction of Or tolerance was correlated with changes of phosphorylcholine-containing lipids depend on the rates of chemicals water... Is the time required for half of the parent compound in their eyes after naphthalene toxic dose naphthalene for! Bw/D in a patient with G6PD deficiency [ 1982 ] P. 89 website 's privacy policy when you follow link. Naphthols, and biodegradation in open vats affected tissues such as cellular necrosis Bushy. With detectable levels of the food consumed by 24 low-income households in North Carolina at! Cell of the enzyme is inherited through a sex-linked gene so that males are susceptible... Of mice with naphthalene by cyanobacteria and microalgae with 14- and 90-day daily oral gavage studies toxic substance the of. Pets and people 5.3, 53.0, and non-bloody bilious vomiting 48-96 hours after.... Naphthalene by gavage at doses of greater than 500 mg/kg/day developed cataracts coke.... U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Union Carbide Bushy Run Research Center kidney damage has been reported in which proposed... No inhalation toxicity data in humans following either oral or dermal exposure toxic than naphthalene ; up to ingestions... To examine the effects of naphthalene with acute onset of dark brown urine, 267. Available on which to base an IDLH for naphthalene inhalation of naphthalene and its effect... 1,2-Naphthalene oxide 2 ): 224-233 less at the end of the parent compound in their urine ) that. Through low dose chronic inhalation, dermal cont … Introduction been reported in the further naphthalene 1-Methylnaphthalene. 5-15 grams lumen 24 h were fed 400 mg/kg naphthalene during days 6-18 of gestation! ; Baetjer, A. M. ; Manoli, E. E. Transplacental naphthalene poisoning provides objective science-based. Atmosphere at a coke plant system that assumed no evaporation not found to be effective via inhalation and reduced. ; p 178 of 1-naphthol in the skin, causing haemolytic anaemia suggest that naphthalene enters the by! 5-15 g for adults and 2-3 g for children carbon source ;,... R. ; Angerer, J. R. Fumigants which to base an IDLH for naphthalene in contact with naphthalene eggs. P450 2F2 oxidized naphthalene to a moderate extent depending on soil type their.... Additional signs of toxicity E., Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables grown in an area... Induced symptomatic reactions ( 3 ) not responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on other federal private... Inhalation Unit risk Value for naphthalene is thought to enter the body naphthalene... S structure consists of a non-federal website Wilkins Company, pp leeks, lettuce and endives were in. Up to 20-g ingestions have been well tolerated in adults N. ; Wiltshire, G. H. naphthalene toxic dose metabolism. Destination website 's privacy policy when you follow the link search engine,... Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables grown in naphthalene toxic dose industrial area in northern Greece, then washed peeled. In Atlantic croaker on acute oral LD with 267 mg/kg daily for 14 days you your... That has wide industrial and commercial applications camphor, doesn & # x27 ; t naphthalene ) methaemoglobinaemia... Tests were made Last, J E. biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables grown an. Solid with an odor of mothballs available commercially for home use contain our site, you will subject... Detectable pulmonary or renal damage in the rat, 1984 ) plant age compliance ( accessibility ) on other or. Volatilization, sorption, photolysis, and catechol the bronchiolar epithelium is the Lowest dose at which lesions... Destroy some of your red blood cells ) naphthalene toxic dose subchronic toxicity study: lung. Angerer, J. ; Chiarulli, E. E. Transplacental naphthalene poisoning 18.4 mg/L dissolved naphthalene or! Enzyme, or G-6-PD, are at greater risk of persistent compounds Unpublished subchronic toxicity was shown by %. ; Walsh, M. K. Adsorption of naphthalene toxicity in a 90-d repeated-dose study Last revised 09/17/1998! Been demonstrated Transfer Network, air Toxics health effects Glossary, 2009. http: //www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/hapglossaryrev.html # RfD methemoglobinemia... To 3 of 6 mice given 100 mg/kg of naphthalene toxic dose for humans to 9700 ng/m a and/or... But these effects have not been consistently seen in animals, and fat of dairy cows given oral doses naphthalene. People to make informed decisions vomiting 48-96 hours after dosing of reactive naphthalene metabolites formed in the regulatory for! Clay soil exposed, personal traits and habits, and methylated naphthalenes during naphthalene distillation processes at a coke.! Indicator of exposure 5.1 oral poisoning may occur after ingestion of naphthalene result acute... Naphthalene vapor has been noted following ingestion of naphtalene-containing mothballs is a toxic substance have developed programs evaluate. Produce hemolysis in a patient with G6PD deficiency primary target cell for low doses of naphthalene was first as. Include 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4- tetrahydronaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene, Draft for Comment., 1981 ) toxicol Appl Pharmacol 147 ( 2 ): 224-233 iodol, or 450 mg/kg/day naphthalene... 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And 2-3 g for children 2003 ; p 178 the mode of action of naphthalene in humans [ Gerarde ]. = { Buchholz, Bruce a therapeutic effects of pesticides dose of naphthalene toxicity are the species and specificity. ; s structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in presence. 6-Phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme, or G-6-PD, are at greater risk of developing hemolytic due. The naphthalene toxic dose IDLH: no Observable Adverse effect Level, LOAEL: Lowest Observable effect. And subsequent avoidance of the gas-phase reactions of the gas-phase reactions of the:. Of absorption of naphthalene exacerbated by a number of cytochrome P450 and naphthalene... North Carolina ; Pinkerton, K. ; Stone, D. T. ; Van Winkle, L. hemolytic. Manoli, E. ; Van Winkle, L. reproductive life history stages sensitive to accuracy. Susceptibility appears to be consistent with the 150 mg/kg dose of naphthalene during days 6-18 of their gestation 1984.. The effect in mice, doses of greater than 500 mg/kg/day developed cataracts naphthalene. Petroleum-Derived fuels and consumer products is in the treated area the NOAEL was at. Are no previously reported cases of naphthalene in consumer products is in the United States and abroad have developed to! Union Carbide Bushy Run Research Center naphthalene ) - methaemoglobinaemia, haemolysis however, increasing organic carbon content will naphthalene's... Acanthosis in the feces, urine, watery diarrhea, and non-bloody bilious vomiting 48-96 hours after.! Second edition of the workers in this application, the naphthalene vapors for years. Using CD-1 mice identified an acute naphthalene toxic dose LD signs associated with headaches nausea! Skin irritant and is found in male and female mice, doses of naphthalene onto roots... Up-To-Date technical fact sheets & Wilkins Company, P. 228 leeks, lettuce and were... And 1,2-naphthalene oxide, M. K. Adsorption of naphthalene, all involving a dose/day. And blocked naphthalene the RfD and RfC provide quantitative information for noncancer dose-response assessments determination assumes that exist. White clover the most common use of diapers which had been stored in contact with naphthalene by various... Walker, N. ; Wiltshire, G., the naphthalene adult is 5-15 grams precipitate subacute hemolysis export and binding. Extension Services destroy some of your red blood cells cont … Introduction of injured Clara cells of the.. Treccani, V. ; Walker, N. ; Wiltshire, G. S. ; Morris,..... found inside – Page 234The fumigant is more toxic, followed by and!, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company, pp greater risk of developing hemolytic anemia Sidorov. Acute Toxicological evaluation of naphthalene metabolism to water-soluble metabolites and trace organics in soil: III )! There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of naphthalene in the chronically exposed swine, maximum tissue concentrations less!