connecticut river source

[49], Demand for drinking water in eastern Massachusetts passed the sustainable supply from the existing system in 1969. Ideally, each crossing would mimic the natural stream banks and allow fish and wildlife to pass under while cars and travelers pass safely over. Traces the Connecticut River from its mouth at Long Island Sound to its source in northern New Hampshire and shares the author's memories of the river When the jam at Hadley, Massachusetts, gave way, the water crest overflowed the dam at Holyoke, overwhelming the sandbagging there. Landlocked salmon make their way into the river during spring spawning runs of bait fish and during their fall spawn. 15 miles (24 km) south of Hartford, at Middletown, the Lower Connecticut River section begins with a narrowing of the river, and then a sharp turn southeast. The Connecticut remains among the most extensively dammed rivers in the nation. Found insideFrom boat builders, to antique, power and sailing vessels, to lobster shacks, the oyster and fishing industries, historic ferries, nautical arts, lighthouses and islands, charter boats, maritime festivals and celebrations, and more, this ... [55] The property spans the towns of Pittsburg, Clarksville, and Stewartstown, New Hampshire, nearly 3 percent of the land in the state of New Hampshire. In Northampton, Massachusetts, looting during the flood became a problem, causing the mayor of the city to deputize citizen patrols to protect flooded areas. Deeper areas are habitat for a diversity of colonial organisms including bryozoa. Required fields are marked *. Abundant cold-water habitat throughout the watershed provides great opportunities for fishing, and several species of fish—both resident and migratory—can be found, including brook trout, winter flounder, blueback herring, alewife, rainbow trout, large brown trout, American shad, hickory shad, smallmouth bass, Atlantic sturgeon, and striped bass. The latest comic novel from Christopher Buckley, in which a hapless Englishman embarks on a dangerous mission to the New World in pursuit of two judges who helped murder a king. [68] Eleven of them occur in the mainstem of the Connecticut; the brook floater is found only in small streams and rivers. ", "Environment & Geography: Written in the Rocks and Sand", "Connecticut River Flood Control Compact", "Designated Rivers: The Connecticut River", "State officials to perambulate the border between N.H. and Vermont (symbolically, that is)", "Upper Valley Bi-State Regional Chamber of Commerce", "171,000-Acre CT Headwaters Now Protected (NH)", "Geological History of the Connecticut River Valley", "Stop 1-7B: Abyssal Depths in Turner's Falls Area, French King Bridge", "Type 6 Conservation Site – Connecticut River Estuary", "Connecticut River May Soon Flow Freely Again", "21 New England municipal electric utilities make historic hydropower purchase commitment", "Fisheries Program - Northeast Region – U.S. [9], Early spellings of the name by European explorers included "Cannitticutt" in French[10] or in English. Found inside – Page 10The Connecticut River Basin is the largest basin in New England . ... electric power plants need to be located close to ample sources of cooling water . Much of the beginning of the river's course in the town of Pittsburg is occupied by the Connecticut Lakes, which contain lake trout and landlocked salmon. Some towns keep boats available if needed. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. Outstanding boating opportunities range from kayaking and quiet water boating on its more placid reaches to whitewater paddling on tributaries like the Deerfield, Farmington, and West rivers, extending downriver to heavy motor traffic between the town of Essex and the river mouth. Many of those dams are now obsolete. It is the Fourth Connecticut Lake in New Hampshire, just below a ridge where a U.S. Customs station sits at the Canadian border, that is the source of the Connecticut River. The Connecticut River has come a long way, but there are plenty more opportunities to improve river access for recreation, river connectivity, habitat restoration, and flows at the large hydro facilities throughout the corridor. [40] A final pulp drive consisted of 100,000 cords of four-foot logs in 1918. A 1959 trip on the Connecticut River from the Canadian border to Long Island Sound increased public awareness of its sad state at the time.  =  Trading Huck Finn's log raft for canoe and kayak, Tougias journeys the length of the Connecticut River - from its source near the Canadian border through four New England states to where it meets the sea in Connecticut. It was designated as one of 14 American Heritage Rivers in 1997. The treaty allowed the Dutch to maintain their trading post at Fort Huys de Hoop, which they did until the 1664 British takeover of New Netherland. [61] In 1997, the Connecticut River was designated one of only 14 American Heritage Rivers, which recognized its "distinctive natural, economic, agricultural, scenic, historic, cultural, and recreational qualities." [5] Lush green forests and agricultural hamlets dot this middle portion of the Connecticut River; however, the region is best known for its numerous college towns, such as Northampton, South Hadley, and Amherst, as well as the river's most populous city, Springfield. [62] The Cabot and Turners Falls hydroelectric stations generate up to 68 MW.[63]. The Connecticut River Valley's central location, fertile soil, and abundant natural resources made it the target of centuries of border disputes, beginning with Springfield's defection from the Connecticut Colony in 1641, which brought the Massachusetts Bay Colony to the river. By 1654, however, the success of these English settlements rendered the Dutch position untenable on the Connecticut River. Fish ladders constructed since the first fish passage in 1980 at Turners Falls, have enabled migrating fish to return to some of their former spawning grounds. Pynchon surmised that traders using any of these routes would have to dock and change ships at his site, thereby granting the settlement a commercial advantage. The first group of pioneers left the Plymouth Colony in 1632 and ultimately founded the village of Matianuck (which became Windsor, Connecticut) several miles north of the Dutch fort. The (Sokoki) tribe migrated to Odanak, Quebec following the epidemics and the wars with the settlers but returned to Vermont. “The Connecticut River Watershed is a model for how communities can integrate their land and water stewardship efforts with an emphasis on ‘source-to-sea’ watershed conservation,” announced U.S. But they also found that too many failed to achieve academic success. In The Source of the River, Douglas Massey and his colleagues investigate the roots of minority underperformance in selective colleges and universities. The cities of Springfield and Hartford in particular became centers of innovation and "intense and concentrated prosperity. This third edition covers the entire waterway from its source at the Canadian border to Long Island Sound, dividing the river into twenty-eight reaches with accompanying GPS-compatible maps. .hide-if-no-js { At roughly 2 acres, it’s a pond at best. The Nature Conservancy owns it and the surrounding land; they call it Fourth Connecticut Lake Preserve. Its largest cities—Hartford and Springfield—lie 45 and 69 miles upriver, respectively. [15], The Mohegans dominated the region due north, where Hartford and its suburbs sit, particularly after allying themselves with the Colonists against the Pequots during the Pequot War of 1637. The Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge serves as a cornerstone of the fishery and surrounding ecosystem since 1997. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. Some local police departments and the state Environmental Conservation Police patrol the area a few times a week. Connecticut is also home to four federally designated Wild and Scenic River Systems - the Eightmile River, the lower … (function( timeout ) { The exact definition of the region varies, but it generally is considered to extend south to Windsor, Vermont and Cornish, New Hampshire, and north to Bradford, Vermont and Piermont, New Hampshire. 1636). Two million residents live in the densely populated Hartford-Springfield region, which stretches roughly between the college towns of Amherst, Massachusetts, and Middletown, Connecticut. [75][76] Many towns along the Lower Connecticut River have enacted a cap on further development along the banks, so that no buildings may be constructed except on existing foundations. These include dace, crawfish, hellgramites, freshwater mussels, typical frog species, snapping turtles, brook trout, freshwater sturgeon, catfish, walleye, chain pickerel and carp. Author Wick Griswold takes readers on a provocative journey as he traces the history of the Connecticut River. Found inside – Page 7What we do in the next decade will be decisive for the river's future . ... establishing all or parts of the Connecticut River Valley from its source to its ... Please reload CAPTCHA. In order to post comments, please make sure JavaScript and Cookies are enabled, and reload the page. The Connecticut River and its tributaries support most of the known viable populations of the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel. The Connecticut, the longest river in New England, begins in a beaver pond high on a mountainside in northern New Hampshire right on the Canada line. Found inside – Page 44Estimated sources of total phosphorus loads in the Connecticut River Basin [ Land - use percentages shown in table 1. Estimated inputs from point sources ... Due to the presence of large, shifting sandbars at its mouth, the Connecticut is the only major river in the Northeastern United States without a port at its mouth.[60]. ", This page was last edited on 14 August 2021, at 17:17. Wild country, my friend. Teams of men would wait at Canaan, Vermont, to protect the bridges from log jams. [4] Its watershed encompasses 11,260 square miles (29,200 km2), covering parts of five U.S. states and one Canadian province, via 148 tributaries, 38 of which are major rivers. Road-stream crossings are another longstanding challenge within the watershed, which contains more than 44,000 crossings. The patent, however, had been physically lost, and the annexation was almost certainly illegal. Found inside – Page 3... a'bill " To authorize the establishment of the Connecticut River National ... make a study of the Connecticut River and adjacent lands from its source ... [7], The word "Connecticut" is a corruption of the Mohegan word quinetucket, which means "beside the long, tidal river". With the addition of fish ladders at multiple dams on the river, access to historic spawning habitat for anadromous fish is returning as well. Jennifer L. Carlson, Executive Director Connecticut River Museum (left) congratulating Bill Ballou for finishing his 410-mile journey paddling the entire Connecticut River from its beginnings near the border with Canada wending south. [6], The Connecticut River Valley is home to some of the northeastern United States' most productive farmland, as well as the Hartford–Springfield Knowledge Corridor, a metropolitan region of approximately two million people surrounding Springfield, Massachusetts, and Hartford, Connecticut. But, there are times – particularly after rain – when bacteria in our rivers still might make you sick. [11], Archaeological digs reveal human habitation of the Connecticut River Valley for 6,000 years before present. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. Since 2000, the Colorado River Basin, the source of water for the southern part of the state, has experienced drought conditions, with impacts on Lake Mead. QUINNETUKUT: THE CT RIVER FROM SOURCE TO SEA - Envoys. Meanwhile, lake trout and landlocked salmon reside in the upper river surrounding the Connecticut Lakes. Found insideThe book provides an intimate perspective, exploring New England’s greatest river from Long Island Sound, where its waters mingle with the salty brine of the Atlantic Ocean, to its source 410 miles to the north, just yards from the ... The Treaty of Paris (1783) that ended the American Revolutionary War created a new international border between New Hampshire and the Province of Canada at "northwesternmost headwaters of the Connecticut". "[37], The Enfield Falls Canal was opened in 1829 to circumvent shallows around Enfield Falls, and the locks built for this canal gave their name to the town of Windsor Locks, Connecticut. Settlement and Migration [edit | edit source] Several Native American tribes have lived along the river and in the Connecticut Valley. Found inside – Page 139... crisp waters that flow from the upper Connecticut Lakes and in many streams ... A significant source of thermal pollution occurs at the Vermont Yankee ... No motorized stuff, no canoes, no kayaks, no fishing, and no hunting allowed. After flowing for about 9 miles through New Hampshire, it moves roughly southwestward, and the low water mark on the river’s western side forms the … Located within parts of four New England states—New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut—the 36,000-acre refuge, named for its championing Congressman, is the only refuge of its kind to encompass an entire watershed. Trading Huck Finn’s log raft for canoe and kayak, Tougias journeys the length of the Connecticut River—from its source near the Canadian border through four New England states to where it meets the sea in Connecticut. New England communities were built along the banks of rivers and dams have been a central component since the beginning to provide water for irrigation, power generation, industrial operations, and drinking. [67], There are 12 species of freshwater mussels. The pond is know as Fourth Connecticut Lake. This thermal pollution appears to be associated with an 80% decline in American shad fish numbers from 1992 to 2005 at Holyoke dam. [39], Starting about 1865,[40] the river was used for massive logging drives from Third Connecticut Lake to initially water powered sawmills near Enfield Falls. Now available in a completely revised edition, The Connecticut River Boating Guide continues to be the classic, authoritative guide for boaters, canoeists, and kayakers on the Connecticut River. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. He says the standard source for these definitions is a man ... New Jersey, all the way down into Virginia. Its watershed spans Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, small portions of Maine, and the Canadian province of Quebec. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. [8] The word came into English during the early 1600s to name the river, which was also called simply "The Great River". [12] Growing up near the Connecticut River in the 1970s this did not impress us. Overall, the flood caused 171 deaths and US$500 million (US$9,300,000,000 with inflation[46]) in damages. [16] Their culture was similar to the Pequots, as they had split off from them and become their rivals some time prior to European exploration of the area. [51], The Connecticut River is the largest river ecosystem in New England. The river that flows from the Canadian border to the Long Island Sound in Connecticut didn’t always merit such lofty praise. the lower Connecticut River) to much smaller, babbling brooks. [16] The agricultural Pocomtuc tribe lived in unfortified villages alongside the Connecticut River north of the Enfield Falls on the fertile stretch of hills and meadows surrounding Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1641, Springfield splintered off from the Hartford-based Connecticut Colony, allying itself with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Decades before the Salem Witch trials, 11 people were hanged as witches in the Connecticut River Valley. Connecticut River Source to Sea Cleanup Saturday in Middletown - Middletown, CT - Volunteers are needed for cleanup on land and along the river's edge … setTimeout( The Pocomtuc village of Agawam[17] eventually became Springfield, situated on the Bay Path where the Connecticut River meets the western Westfield River and eastern Chicopee River. Several streams fit this description, and thus a boundary dispute led to the short-lived Indian Stream Republic, which existed from 1832 to 1835. Currently, a website provides water quality reports twice a week, indicating whether various portions of the river are safe for swimming, boating and fishing.[77][78]. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. Just folks on foot. The ever-changing Connecticut River, from source near the border with Canada south to Long Island Sound, in segments. [31] Settlement of the Upper Connecticut River Valley increased quickly, with population assessments of 36,000 by 1790. [27] He called it the "Fresh River" and claimed it for the Netherlands as the northeastern border of the New Netherland colony. Found inside – Page 55All of the state's largest rivers have been dammed , though the small dam on ... abundant in the Connecticut River and some tributaries during the 1990s . Building off the federal Connecticut River Blueway Designation, American Rivers is continuing to bring expertise in developing river recreation and protection opportunities to the watershed to engage with partners and help direct funding for these efforts. In 1640, Massachusetts Bay Colony asserted a claim to jurisdiction over lands surrounding the river; however, Springfield remained politically independent until tensions with the Connecticut Colony were exacerbated by a final confrontation later that year. This is in fact the story of New England, and indeed much of America, as told by environmental historian John Sinton (co-author of Water, Earth and Fire: The New Jersey Pine Barrens and The Connecticut River Boating Guide). The river is an important conduit of many anadromous fish, such as American shad, lamprey, and Atlantic salmon. Currently you have JavaScript disabled. The Paddlers' Trail currently includes campsites on over 300 miles (480 km) of the river.[74]. For decades, Springfield remained the Massachusetts Bay Colony's westernmost settlement, on the northern border of the Connecticut Colony. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. Fresh water sponges the size of dinner plates have been found by scuba divers at depths of more than 130 feet (40 m), thought to be the deepest in the river. The river and its tributaries have received several federal designations for their wild and scenic nature and importance to the region’s cultural heritage. In addition to dams, warm water discharges between 1978 and 1992 from Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant in Vernon, Vermont released water up to 105 °F (41 °C) degrees and the thermal plume reached 55 miles (89 km) downstream to Holyoke. The Connecticut River is the longest river in the New England region of the United States, flowing roughly southward for 406 miles (653 km) through four states. Time limit is exhausted. [47], The Connecticut River Flood Control Compact between the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont was established in 1953 to help prevent serious flooding. This third edition covers the entire waterway from its source at the Canadian border to Long Island Sound, dividing the river into twenty-eight reaches with accompanying GPS-compatible maps. Its lush greenery and rich, almost rockless soil comes from the ancient lake's sedimentary deposits. Flooding of roads isolated the city for a time. But the Connecticut’s undersized crossings are easily obstructed and prone to failure during large storms such as Tropical Storm Irene in 2011, when over 1,000 culverts and 500 bridges failed. It rises at the U.S. border with Quebec, Canada, and discharges at Long Island Sound. Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Alice’s Garden: Solutions for Clean Water in Milwaukee, Year of the River: The Elwha and White Salmon. With over 3,600 volunteers getting dirty to clean up rivers across four New England states, Connecticut River Conservancy’s 2019 Source to Sea event was the largest we have ever hosted. Found insideFrom light displays to decorated churches and inns, spectacular private homes, festivals, carolers, town greens, and picturesque villages, this beautiful book of images and accompanying essays takes readers on a magical holiday tour through ... In addition, precipitation was well below average from the 2011–2012 through the 2014–2015 water years (October–September) and each of those years was abnormally warm. [64] Several fish ladders and fish elevators have been built to allow fish to resume their natural migration upriver each spring. The Swift River, a tributary of the Chicopee, has been dammed and largely replaced by the Quabbin Reservoir which provides water to the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority district in eastern Massachusetts, including Boston and its metropolitan area. Southern Nevada is a vast, arid region that is mostly empty, and would be almost entirely empty were it not for the enormous presence of Las Vegas. This decline may have been exacerbated by over-fishing in the mid-Atlantic and predation from resurging striped bass populations. Diverting water from the Connecticut River was considered several times,[50] but in 1986 the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority instead undertook a campaign of water conservation. The river’s great anadromous fish runs have suffered extensively through years of obstruction and warm-water discharges extending for miles below the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant in Vernon, VT. Downstream in South Hadley Falls, MA, American shad declined by 80 percent between 1992 and 2005, as measured at the Holyoke Dam. The Salmon River is formed at the confluence of the Blackledge and Jeremy rivers about one mile west of North Westchester, Connecticut. It drains 96,000 acres and courses for 10.4 miles (16.7 km) to Salmon Cove near Moodus where it flows into the Connecticut River. North Walpole, New Hampshire, contained twelve to eighteen saloons, patronized by the log drivers. In some places, the state line is now inundated by the impoundments of dams built after this time.[36]. [5][36][52], The Connecticut River rises from Fourth Connecticut Lake, a small pond 300 yards (270 m) south of the Canada–United States border in the town of Pittsburg, New Hampshire, at an elevation of 2,670 feet (810 m) above sea level. [32] New York protested these grants, and King George III decided in 1764 that the border between the provinces should be the western bank of the Connecticut River. This resulted in an unsuccessful lawsuit by the state of Connecticut against the diversion of its riparian waters. Fifteen tours of the city for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists and information on cultural history accompany captioned photographs of more than five hundred buildings. Welcome. In the mid-1960s, the actress Katherine Hepburn, who had a house in Old Sa y brook at the mouth of the river, narrated a documentary about the Connecticut. We all have a [54] In 2001, The Trust for Public Land purchased 171,000 acres (690 km2) of land in New Hampshire from International Paper, allowing the Connecticut Lakes Headwaters Partnership Task Force to plan the future protection of the land. Since then, the river has been restored from Class D to Class B (fishable and swimmable). After an absence of more than 200 years, Atlantic salmon have been reintroduced to the Connecticut by the U.S. Found insideColonial Ecology, Atlantic Economy shows how the extraction of each commodity had an impact on the New England landscape, creating a new colonial ecology inextricably tied to the broader transatlantic economy beyond its shores. His scouts located the Pocumtuc village of Agawam, where the Bay Path trade route crossed the Connecticut River at two of its major tributaries—the Chicopee River to the east and Westfield River to the west—and just north of Enfield Falls, the river's first unnavigable waterfall. 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